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@#Aims: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the social media intervention’s efficacy, as well as the intervention’s theory, model, and framework. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Five databases- PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar were searched systematically from June 18 to July 12, 2022. Methods: Predefined keywords of “social media”, “nutrition”, “behaviour” and “adolescents” were used. The inclusion criteria: (1) 10 to 24 years old participants; (2) social media or website as intervention platform; (3) intervention outcomes related to improvement in nutrition behaviour, anthropometric measures, knowledge and awareness; (4) is a randomized controlled trial, non-randomized controlled trial, cluster controlled, cohort, case control or before and after study design; (5) published in 2000 until 2022; (6) written or translated is English; and (7) conducted in Asia. Results: Review eligibility included nine studies. Three research were web- or website-based, while the other six used social media such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and LINE. Post-intervention outcomes showed significant gains, however some studies found no differences between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: Social media is a widely accepted platform for educating adolescents about nutrition for behaviour change. However, the evidence shows that the interventions are lack of significant improvement between groups and the used of digital or technological-related theory, model and framework. This review demonstrated the progress of healthy behaviours in nutrition and health literacy among adolescents that can be spread through social network and the value of new technological techniques in managing the targeted population.
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@#Introduction: Increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is strongly associated with weight gain, dental cavities, and a higher risk of chronic diseases among adolescents. However, there is no available FFQ for the Malaysian population individually to evaluate and assess the consumption of SSBs and high-energy dense (HED) foods among adolescents. Method: A 24-hour diet recall with 30 adolescents were performed via Google Meet to identify the most common and frequent types of SSBs and HEDs foods consumed nowadays. The food checklist of SSBs and HED foods from literature review search was also provided to the participants. Experts critically reviewed each food item and provide a score for its relevancy and essentiality. Face validity were conducted among 10 adolescents to validate the developed FFQ. Results: The final FFQ consisted of 63 food items with ten categories. This FFQ showed high content validity for individual items with I-CVI ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and overall questionnaires with S-CVI/Ave valued at 0.97. The calculation of Kappa statistic showed that this newly developed FFQ has excellent inter-rater reliability at the item level with K > 0.74 for 55 items and K = 0.57 only for 4 items. Most of the items were marked as relevant with a CVR score of 1.00. Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that the newly developed FFQ could be utilised to estimate the intake of SSB and HED foods of Malaysian adolescents.
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@#The prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children are increasing in developing countries, including Malaysia. The aim of this study was carried out the need assessment and to determine the nutritional knowledge, attitude, and physical activity among primary school children for the purpose of health education module development on childhood weight management among primary school children. This study was employed cross-sectional design with a probability of 202 school children aged ten years old. The result shows that majority of primary school children choose food that high in carbohydrate, sodium, and saturated fat. Thus, reflect to the lack of nutrition knowledge. Meanwhile, for the lowest choices were sugar intake and low-fat dairy product. The highest mean for nutritional attitude is primary school children chose to drink 100% fruit juice (mean=81 ± 0.97), and the lowest mean was eating wheat bread (mean=2.25 ± 1.16). The highest mean for sedentary activity was watching the television show during weekdays (mean 4.02 ± 1.17). The result shows the children need education on the nutritional fact in their food like carbohydrate, sodium and saturated fat, physical activity, and information to avoid a sedentary lifestyle.
ABSTRACT
Printed educational material is the primary mode of communication in public health education. However, there is a scarcity of studies that evaluate the acceptance towards printed educational materials in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating existing printed nutrition educational materials regarding childhood obesity for use in nutrition education or health promotion programme. This study was conducted in two stages. Stage 1 involved a survey of existing printed nutrition educational materials related to childhood obesity and pilot testing on questionnaires that was developed. Whereas Stage 2 was the evaluation of the acceptance of subjects towards existing printed educational materials and changes in knowledge level after reading the materials. Likert scale from 1 (very not satisfactory) to 5 (very satisfactory) was used in the evaluation. Subjects in this study comprised 67 individuals who were educational and health professionals (n = 7), adults (n = 30) and children (n = 30). In this study, adults were given a booklet that focused on prevention and management of childhood obesity such as complications of childhood obesity and food preparation. Children received a booklet that focused on food pyramid, importance of breakfast, physical activity and so on and a poster that focused on healthy food choices. The professionals were given all three printed materials. This study found that the acceptance of subjects towards content, illustrations, tables and fi gures, colour, organization of picture, organization of content, language and font size of the three printed educational materials are variety, which ranged from not satisfactory to very satisfactory. Mean satisfaction score of booklet targeted at adult population was 3.9 ± 0.5 while mean satisfaction score of booklet targeted at children population was 4.3 ± 0.4 and poster was 3.9 ± 0.9. Knowledge score of the professionals increased from 88.6 ± 11.2% to 95.5 ± 3.2% after reading the educational materials. The knowledge score of adults also increased signifi cantly (p < 0.001) from 67.7 ± 13.6% to 84.8 ± 15.9%; among children, knowledge score signifi cantly increased (p < 0.001) from 65.3 ± 14.4% to 84.0 ± 11.4%. In conclusion, the existing printed educational materials were well-accepted and were able to increase the knowledge level of target population. Therefore, the printed educational materials are suitable to be used in any health education program related to childhood obesity